A Literature Review, Container Shipping Supply Chain: Planning Problems and Research Opportunities

This paper provides an overview of the container shipping supply chain (CSSC) by taking a logistics perspective, covering all major value-adding segments in CSSC including freight logistics, vessel port/terminal and inland transport logistics. The main planning problems research opportunities each segment are reviewed discussed to promote further research. Moreover, two most important challenges CSSC, digitalization decarbonization, explained detail. We raise awareness extreme fragmentation that causes inefficient operations. A pathway digitalize is proposed requires applications digital technologies various business processes across five segments, change behaviors relationships stakeholders chain. recognize decarbonization likely take diverse pathways with different fuel/energy systems for ships ports. gives rise more application highly uncertain complex environment.